Rainwater Harvesting

Environmental and Waste water Management
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Statistical Analysis and Mathematical Modeling
 

Rainwater Harvesting Technologies

Open Well: Existing dug wells may be utilized as recharge structure. The well lining should have openings (weep holes) at regular intervals to allow seepage of water through the sides.

Bore Wells: If a bore well is used for recharging, then the casing (outer pipe) should preferably be a slotted or perforated pipe so that more surface area is available for the water to percolate.

Percolation  / Recharge Trenches: - These are constructed when the permeable stream is available at shallow depth. A percolation trench is a continuous trench excavated in the ground and refilled with porous media like pebbles, boulders or broken bricks.

Recharge / Percolation Pits: - Recharge pits are constructed for recharging the shallow aquifer. These are constructed 1.5 to 3 m wide and 2 m to 3 m deep. The excavated pit is lined with a brick/stone wall with openings (weep-holes) at regular intervals and is back filled with boulders, gravels and coarse sand.

Counter Trenches: Contour trenches are used both on hill slopes as well as on degraded and barren wastelands for soil and moisture conservation and a-forestation purposes.

Check Dam: A check dam is generally constructed on small streams and long gullies formed by the erosive activity of water.

Percolation Pond: A percolation pond, like an irrigation tank, has a structure to impound rainwater flowing through a watershed, and a waste weir to dispose of the surplus flow in excess of the storage capacity of the lake created.

Recharge Ring Well: Water to be recharged is guided through a pipe to the bottom of the Ring well or below the water level to avoid scouring of bottom and entrapment of air bubbles in the aquifer.

Recharge wells:  Recharge wells of 100-to 300-mm. diameter are generally constructed for recharging the deeper aquifers and water is passed through filter media to avoid choking of recharge wells.

Collection for immediate use: Water can be collected in barrels for immediate use.

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